This project explores the evolutionary dynamics of tuberculosis in Portugal over the past 4,000 years. By sequencing and analysing ancient DNA from human skeletal remains, we aim to trace the genetic diversity and adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to its human hosts across different historical periods. The project seeks to reconstruct co-evolution between pathogen and host, providing insights into the long-term interplay between TB disease, environment, and human biology, integrating evolutionary biology, genomics, and computational analysis.